Within months after Congress chartered the Smithsonian Institution in 1864, plans were underway to build an ornate and picturesque red sandstone building on the National Mall at 10th Street S.W. This illustration shows the Medieval Revival design of the building with a rectangular central block and two wings connected by ranges to the center. The building was designed for scientific research and art exhibitions; it would include a museum, lecture halls, art galleries, offices, and a library. The east wing shown here was used as the residence for the first secretary, Joseph Henry, and his family.